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3.
J. vasc. bras ; 18: e20180111, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012628

ABSTRACT

Contexto A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) afeta anualmente cerca de dez milhões de pessoas no mundo e tem como principais complicações a embolia pulmonar e a síndrome pós-trombótica. O tratamento padrão é a anticoagulação, que pode ser realizada com heparinas, antagonistas da vitamina K, fondaparinux ou, mais recentemente, com anticoagulantes orais diretos (direct oral anticoagulants, DOACs). Os anticoagulantes diminuem a progressão do trombo e facilitam os mecanismos trombolíticos naturais, fato conhecido como recanalização, que pode ocorrer em graus e tempos variados, influenciados por diversos fatores, dentre eles o tipo de anticoagulação utilizado. Objetivos Avaliar o grau e o tempo de recanalização através da análise de laudos de eco-Doppler colorido (EDC) de pacientes com TVP tratados com DOACs ou com heparina + varfarina. Métodos Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os dados demográficos e os laudos dos EDC dos pacientes com TVP, tratados entre janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2016. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a terapêutica utilizada: Grupo I (heparina + varfarina): 26 pacientes; Grupo II (rivaroxabana): 51 pacientes. Os principais itens observados foram o grau e o tempo para a recanalização. Resultados Foram observadas taxas de recanalização aos 30, 90 e 180 dias de 10%, 52,5% e 78,9%, respectivamente, no Grupo I, e de 55,3%, 83,5% e 92,4%, respectivamente, no Grupo II, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,041). Conclusões Ambos os tratamentos promoveram recanalização. Houve recanalização mais precoce no grupo de pacientes que utilizaram a rivaroxabana


Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) strikes around ten million people worldwide every year and is associated with major complications including pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome. Anticoagulation is the standard treatment, with administration of heparins, vitamin K antagonists, fondaparinux, or, more recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Anticoagulants reduce thrombus progression and facilitate natural thrombolytic mechanisms, leading to a phenomenon known as recanalization, which can occur in varying degrees and over variable periods of time, under influence from many different factors, including the type of anticoagulation employed. Objectives To evaluate the degree of recanalization and the time taken, by analysis of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) reports from patients with DVT treated with DOACs or with heparin + warfarin. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of demographic data and CDU reports from patients with DVT who had been treated from January 2009 to December 2016. These patients were classified into two groups, according to the treatment given: Group I (heparin + warfarin): 26 patients; or Group II (rivaroxaban): 51 patients. The primary outcomes assessed were degree of recanalization and time taken. Results Recanalization rates at 30, 90, and 180 days were 10%, 52.5%, and 78.9%, respectively, in Group I, and 55.3%, 83.5%, and 92.4%, respectively, in Group II, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.041). Conclusions Both treatments led to recanalization. Recanalization occurred earlier among patients treated with rivaroxaban


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/therapy , Echocardiography/methods , Heparin/therapeutic use , Phlebography/methods , Ultrasonography/methods , Postthrombotic Syndrome/complications , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906785

ABSTRACT

A miocardiopatia não compactada (MNC) é uma cardiopatia rara e congênita. Sua origem, possivelmente, ocorre durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, devido às alterações genéticas, cursando com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmia, precordialgia e tromboembolismo venoso. Nesse estudo, descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 34 anos de idade, diagnosticada com MNC e em acompanhamento em hospital terciário, no oeste do interior paulista, junto ao departamento de Cardiologia. Inicialmente, a paciente apresentou sintomas arrítmicos associados à precordialgia, refratários ao tratamento antiarrítmico. O quadro progrediu, havendo dispneia e sudorese. Diante disso, iniciou-se investigação aprofundada, cogitando-se MNC. Objetivou-se demonstrar o quadro clínico inicial, a progressão da sintomatologia e a eficácia do seguimento realizado pelos profissionais que a assistem


Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare congenital heart disease possibly originating during embryonic development due to genetic changes, and resulting in heart failure, arrhythmia, precordialgia and venous thromboembolism. This study describes the case of a 34-year-old woman, diagnosed with NCC in follow-up with the Cardiology Department at a tertiary hospital in the west of the state of São Paulo. Initially, the patient presented arrhythmic symptoms associated with precordialgia, refractory to antiarrhythmic treatment; the symptoms progressed, with dyspnea and excessive sweating. Therefore, an in-depth investigation was initiated, considering NCC. The objective was to demonstrate the initial clinical symptoms, progression of the symptomatology, and the effectiveness of the follow-up performed by the attending professionals


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Tertiary Healthcare , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Tertiary Care Centers , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Prognosis , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/therapy , Amiodarone/administration & dosage
6.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 205-210, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875326

ABSTRACT

tratamento da FA, os pacientes podem ser submetidos a atendimentos eletivos ou de emergência para a reversão do ritmo, incluindo a cardioversão química ou elétrica, bem como o tratamento intervencionista de ablação por cateter, visando a melhora dos sintomas e da qualidade de vida. Em todas as modalidades do tratamento, a terapia anticoagulante oral (ACO) é um dos pilares do tratamento da FA, indispensável para a prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos. A incorporação dos chamados "anticoagulantes de ação direta" (DOAC) no arsenal do tratamento representou um novo paradigma, com estudos randomizados controlados e as evidências de mundo real demonstrando resultados de eficácia e segurança comparáveis com relação à varfarina, com a vantagem de menor interação medicamentosa e alimentar e menor risco de hemorragias catastróficas. O uso de DOAC para o manejo de pacientes que serão submetidos ao procedimento de ablação por cateter para o tratamento intervencionista da FA ou cardioversão elétrica/química é hoje uma realidade cada vez mais presente e tem respaldo dos estudos randomizados controlados e das experiências em vários centros hospitalares mundiais, com esquema e programação mais simples e melhor comodidade no manejo da anticoagulação


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. During the course of AF, patients may be submitted to elective or emergency approaches for rhythm reversal, including pharmacological or electrical cardioversion, as well interventional treatment with catheter ablation, to improve the symptoms and quality of life. In all treatment modalities, it is important to emphasize that oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) is one of the pillars of AF treatment, and is indispensable for preventing thromboembolic events. The incorporation of so-called "direct oral anticoagulants" (DOACs) into the arsenal of treatment represented a new paradigm, with randomized controlled trials and real-world clinical evidence demonstrating comparable efficacy and safety to warfarin, with the advantage of less drug and food interaction and less risk of catastrophic bleeding. The use of DOACs for the management of patients undergoing catheter ablation for interventional AF treatment or electrical/pharmacological cardioversion is increasingly used and supported by randomized controlled trials and experiences in several worldwide hospital centers, with a simpler regimen and programming and easier management of anticoagulation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Electric Countershock/methods , Catheter Ablation/methods , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/therapy , Heparin/administration & dosage , Heparin/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 26(4): 246-252, out.-dez.2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831559

ABSTRACT

O diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica deve ser considerado em todo paciente proveniente de áreas endêmicas, que apresente história de doença cardíaca e anormalidades no exame cardiológico, na vigência de duas reações sorológicas positivas (ELISA, imunofluorescência indireta ou hemaglutinação indireta). O ECG convencional e o ecocardiograma transtorácico são fundamentais para revelar a presença de cardiomiopatia subjacente. O tratamento da cardiomiopatia da doença de Chagas deve contemplar as diferentes formas de apresentação da moléstia ­ dor precordial, tromboembolismo, arritmias cardíacas, morte súbita e insuficiência cardíaca crônica (ICC). A dor precordial deve ser tratada com betabloqueadores, antagonistas do cálcio ou nitratos. O tratamento do tromboembolismo deve ser oferecido para os pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver o fenômeno, ou seja, que apresentam fibrilação atrial, trombose mural, tromboembolismo prévio e aqueles com o aneurisma de ponta do VE. Pacientes com taquicardia ventricular sustentada e aqueles recuperados de morte súbita devem receber implante de desfibrilador-cardioversor para a prevenção secundária de morte súbita cardíaca. O tratamento da ICC deve ser semelhante ao preconizado para a ICC de etiologia não chagásica, visto que a fisiopatologia é semelhante, contemplando-se o uso de mineralocorticoides, betabloqueadores, antagonistas da enzima conversora de angiotensinogênio em angiotensina e diuréticos. A digoxina deve ser usada com cautela nesses pacientes, preferencialmente com monitoração de níveis séricos. A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca parece ser promissora nos pacientes com tratamento medicamentoso otimizado. Na ICC terminal, o transplante cardíaco é opção terapêutica segura, tendo em vista os resultados, no mínimo, semelhantes aos observados em pacientes não chagásicos


The diagnosis of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy should be considered in all patients from endemic areas, presenting history of heart disease and abnormalities in the cardiac examination, in the presence of two positive serologic reactions (ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, or indirect hemagglutination). The conventional ECG and the transthoracic echocardiography are crucial to reveal the presence of underlying cardiomyopathy. The treatment of Chagas cardiomyopathy should address the different forms of the disease ­ precordial chest pain, thromboembolism, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death, and chronic heart failure (CHF). Precordial chest pain should be treated with beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, or nitrates. The treatment of thromboembolism should be given to patients at high risk of developing the condition, i.e., that have atrial fibrillation, mural thrombosis, previous thromboembolism, and left ventricular apical aneurysm. Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and those with previous cardiac arrest should receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. The treatment of CHF is similar to that recommended to non-Chagas disease heart failure, inasmuch as the pathophysiology is similar, consisting of mineralocorticoids, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and diuretics. Digoxin should be used with caution in such patients, preferentially with monitoring of serum levels. Cardiac resynchronization therapy seems promising in patients on optimized medical therapy. In end-stage CHF, heart transplantation is a safe therapeutic option, as the results are at least similar to those found in non-Chagas disease patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Heart Transplantation/rehabilitation , Chagas Disease/etiology , Heart Failure/etiology , Spironolactone/administration & dosage , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Doppler , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Death, Sudden , Electrocardiography , Furosemide/administration & dosage
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(5): 405-411, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787578

ABSTRACT

A anemia hemolítica imuno-mediada (AHIM) é a causa mais comum dentre as anemias hemolíticas e a doença imuno-mediada de maior prevalência em cães, incluindo causas primárias e secundárias. As AHIM tem sido associadas a estados de hipercoagulabilidade, sendo o tromboembolismo a complicação mais comum. Este estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar as possíveis alterações hemostáticas e o risco tromboembólico nas AHIM e nas anemias por outras etiologias. Para tanto, foram selecionados 76 cães anêmicos (hematócrito ≤ 20%) somados ao menos um sinal clínico comumente associado à AHIM ou possuir pré-disposição racial. Foram realizados os seguintes testes para os animais selecionados: teste de citometria de fluxo e avaliação do perfil hemostático (contagem de plaquetas, TP, TTPA, TT, AT, PDF e Dímeros D); além de hemograma com contagem de reticulócitos, pesquisa de hematozoários em sangue periférico, PCR para Ehrlichia sp. e sorologia para leptospirose. 59 cães foram positivos para AHIM. O estado tromboembólico foi caracterizado pela presença de alteração em três ou mais testes do perfil hemostático. 74,6% casos de AHIM foram atribuídos às doenças infecciosas, sendo em sua maioria associados à Ehrlichia sp. (88,6%). 72,1% apresentaram trombocitopenia e 57,6% apresentaram anemia regenerativa com valores significativamente maiores de metarrubrícitos e contagem de reticulócitos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de cães anêmicos (positivos e negativos para AHIM). Os cães anêmicos apresentaram valores médios maiores de TTPA e menores de AT e contagem de plaquetas quando comparados aos cães saudáveis (p < 0,05). 25 cães positivos e sete negativos apresentaram estado tromboembólico. A especificidade de PDF foi menor (30,2%) quando comparada outros estudos. A escolha da classe de Ig não interfere no diagnóstico de AHIM...


Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is the most common cause of hemolytic anemia and the most prevalent immune-mediated disease in dogs, which is classified in primary or secondary. IMHA has been associated with hypercoagulability state and thromboembolism has been referred as the most common complication. The purpose of this study was to correlate the possibility of hemostatic abnormalities and the thromboembolic risk in IMHA and in anemias of other etiologies. 76 dogs were selected, all exhibiting hematocrit lower than 20% and at least one clinical sign commonly associated with IMHA or breed predisposition. These dogs were tested for IMHA by flow cytometry. Hemostatic tests (platelet count, PT, APTT, TT, AT, PDF and D-dimer) as well as CBC, reticulocyte count, blood parasite search in peripheral blood smear, Ehrlichia sp. and leptospirosis tests were performed in all dogs. 59 dogs were positive for IMHA. The thromboembolic risk was characterized by the presence of three or more changes in the tests of the hemostatic profile. 74.6% cases of IMHA were attributed to infectious diseases and was mostly associated with Ehrlichia sp. (88.6%). 72.1% of dogs had thrombocytopenia and 57.6% had regenerative anemia with significantly higher values of metarubricyte and reticulocyte count. There were no significant changes between two anemic groups (positive and negative for IMHA). Anemic dogs had higher APTT mean value and lower AT and platelet counts mean values than the control group (p<0.05). 25 dogs with IMHA and seven dogs without IHMA had thromboembolic state. The specificity of PDF was lower (30.2%) than previous studies. The choice of the Ig class does not affect the diagnosis of IMHA...


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Anemia, Hemolytic/complications , Anemia, Hemolytic/veterinary , Hemostasis , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/veterinary , Flow Cytometry/veterinary , Ehrlichia , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinary
10.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 26(4): 241-247, jul.-ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-702188

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A varfarina e a femprocumona são os anticoagulantes orais mais utilizados; no entanto, até então, não existem estudos randomizados comparando a estabilidade da anticoagulação entre estes dois fármacos. Objetivos: Comparar a varfarina e femprocumona quanto à estabilidade na manutenção de anticoagulação em nível terapêutico (razão normatizada internacional [RNI] entre 2,0 e 3,0) e avaliar a incidência de complicações hemorrágicas e tromboembólicas decorrentes de anticoagulação inadequada.Métodos: Ensaio clínico, randomizado, duplo-cego, incluindo pacientes em tratamento vigente com anticoagulante oral, porém com RNI abaixo do alvo terapêutico nas últimas três semanas, randomizados para uso de varfarina ou femprocumona. O ajuste da dose da medicação foi realizado conforme algoritmo pré-estabelecido. Resultados: Foram randomizados 62 pacientes, sendo 31 em cada grupo, durante as cinco primeiras semanas de estudo. Verificou-se que a femprocumona se mostrou mais instável comparada à varfarina. A partir da sexta aferição de RNI, o grupo femprocumona apresentou melhora na estabilidade do valor do RNI, porém não houve significância estatística. Também não houve diferença significativa em relação aos efeitos colaterais dos fármacos. Conclusão: A varfarina demonstrou maior eficácia na estabilidade do RNI em relação à femprocumona.


Background: Although warfarin and phenprocoumon are the most widely used oral anticoagulants, there a r e n o r a n d o m i z e d s t u d i e s c o m p a r i n g t h e anticoagulation stability of these two drugs.Objectives: To compare warfarin and phenprocoumon in terms of therapeutic anticoagulation maintenance stability (international normalized ratio [INR] between 2.0 and 3.0) and evaluate the incidence of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications arising from inadequate anticoagulation.Methods: Randomized double-blind clinical trial with patients undergoing current oral anticoagulant treatment but with INR below the therapeutic target during the past 3 weeks, randomized for warfarin or phenprocoumon. Medication dosages were adjusted in compliance with a predetermined algorithm.Results: With 62 patients randomized into two groups of 31 each during the first five weeks of the study, phenprocoumon was found to be more unstable than warfarin. From the sixth INR measurement onwards, the stability of the INR value improved in the phenprocoumon group, but with no statistical significance. There were no significant differences in the side effects of the drugs.Conclusion: Warfarin demonstrated greater effectiveness for INR stability than phenprocoumon.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Drug Stability , Phenprocoumon/administration & dosage , Phenprocoumon/pharmacology , Warfarin/administration & dosage , Warfarin/pharmacology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/diagnosis
11.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 14(1/2): 9-13, ene.-dic. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657750

ABSTRACT

La anticoagulación con heparinas de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) es una herramienta terapéutica fundamental para el tratamiento de la enfermedad tromboembólica. En el presente reporte se evidencia la importancia de cuantificar la actividad del anticuerpo antifactor X activado (Xa) para el monitoreo de la enoxaparina y analizar los grupos de pacientes en riesgo de tener niveles inferiores al terap‚utico. M‚todos: se estudiaron 34 pacientes adultos, anticoagulados con enoxaparina durante el periodo 2009-2011. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las características demográficas y clínicas de todo los pacientes, en donde se indicaron las causas de la anticoagulación, la comorbilidades y el tipo de anticoagulación. Se midió la actividad anti-Xa 4 horas después de la administración de enoxaparina. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 62,3+17,7 años. Un 72,71 por ciento de los pacientes utilizaron enoxaparina como indicación para el síndrome coronario agudo. La comorbilidad más importante fue la combinación con la hipertensión arterial. El aclaramiento renal promedio fue de 62,47 ml/min, solamente tres pacientes tuvieron un aclaramiento menor a 30 ml/min; un 44,1 por ciento de los pacientes eran obesos. El 55,9 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo niveles anti-factor Xa dentro del rango terapéutico y un 35,3 por ciento tuvo valores de anti factor Xa profilácticos. Conclusión: El manejo del paciente adulto que recibe terapia anticoagulación con HBPM presenta una alta complejidad, hecho que se ve reflejado tanto a su perfil demográfico como clínico. También, se considera importante contar con la determinación del factor anti Xa para el monitoreo de HBPM para cierto grupo de pacientes vulnerables y con ello lograr el efecto deseado con esta terapia, debido a que existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes con niveles fuera del rango terapéutico.


Anticoagulation is an important therapeutic tool for patients with thromboembolic disease who receive therapy with lowmolecular weight heparins (LMWH). This report gives evidence about the importance of determining the activity of Anti-Xaactivity for monitoring enoxaparin and for identifying those patients who need this analysis based on some risk factors.Methods: We studied 34 adult patients who received enoxaparin as anticoagulation therapy during the period 2009-2011. We performed a descriptive analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients, indicating thereasons for anticoagulation, comorbidities and type of anticoagulation. We determined the anti-Xa activity 4 hours afteradministration of enoxaparin.Results: The mean age of patients was 62,3 + 17,7 years, regardless of gender. 72,7% of patients received enoxaparin astherapy for an acute coronary syndrome. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension. The average of renal clearancewas 62,47 ml/min, only three patients had a renal clearance below 30 ml/min. 44,1% of the patients were obese. 55, 9%of patients were within therapeutic levels of anti-Xa activity and 35,3% of patients had an anti-Xa activity considered asprophylactic.Conclusion: The management of adult patients receiving anticoagulation therapy with LMWH is complex and it isreflected in their demographic and clinical characteristics. It is important to determine Anti-Xa activity to monitor the useof enoxaparin as anticoagulant therapy because of the high variability found in certain groups of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Costa Rica , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Disease/drug therapy , Factor X , Factor Xa , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/drug therapy
12.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 496-499, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-72923

ABSTRACT

A 65-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of acute onset dyspnea and radiological manifestations of pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient underwent an exploratory surgery to find a whitish-blue colored mass occupying almost the whole lumen of the main pulmonary arteries. Based on the pathological and radiological findings, the patient was diagnosed to have a pulmonary arterial intramural hematoma. Intramural hematomas are usually observed in the walls of the aorta, and we believe that an isolated intramural hematoma in the pulmonary artery has not been described previously.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Contrast Media , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Hematoma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pulmonary Artery , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
Rev. argent. ultrason ; 8(3): 128-131, sept. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532809

ABSTRACT

El infarto esplénico puede cursar de forma asintomática o frecuentemente presentar dolor abdominal en hipocondrio izquierdo. Debe sospecharse ante determinadas patologías subyacentes, entre ellas la enfermedad tromboembólica. Los medios diagnósticos empleados son la ecografía, la tomografía computada abdominal y la resonancia magnética. Por ultrasonido se visualizarán áreas triangulares, hipoecoicas, de localización periférica. El tratamiento será conservador salvo complicaciones. Se presenta un caso clínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Infarction/diagnosis , Infarction/etiology , Infarction , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism , Ultrasonics
15.
J. vasc. bras ; 7(4): 333-340, dez. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506108

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) é uma doença de ocorrência multidisciplinar e freqüente, incluindo as complicações relacionadas a ela, como o tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP). Sendo a profilaxia mecânica um dos melhores (por seu baixo custo e eficácia comprovada) e mais simples meios para reduzir sua incidência, é de grande relevância que se pesquise sua utilização visando benefícios para o paciente e o serviço hospitalar. OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência da utilização da profilaxia mecânica para TVP na Unidade de Emergência Dr. Armando Lages em Maceió (AL). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo na unidade durante o período de 8 meses. A amostra foi calculada em 282 pacientes internados nas unidades de enfermarias das diversas especialidades. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários e mediante entrevista ao paciente. No prontuário de cada paciente foi pesquisada a utilização da profilaxia mecânica para TVP, além de diversos fatores para a estratificação do risco, segundo a Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular. O estudo estatístico foi realizado através do software SPSS, utilizando o teste qui-quadrado considerando o valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 282 pacientes, sendo 181 (64 por cento) homens e 101 (36 por cento) mulheres, com idade média de 54,1 anos. Quanto ao risco, 210 (74,5 por cento) foram classificados como alto risco, 56 (19,8 por cento) como moderado risco e 16 (5,7 por cento) como baixo risco. Do total de pacientes, 234 (83 por cento) não receberam profilaxia e 48 (17 por cento) receberam. Não houve diferença estatística entre os dados obtidos na pesquisa e os encontrados na literatura (p = 0,065). CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de ter sua eficácia comprovada e difundida, a profilaxia mecânica para TVP ainda não atinge níveis satisfatórios de utilização.


BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a multidisciplinary and frequent disease, also including complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. Mechanical prophylaxis is one of the best (due to its low cost and proven effectiveness) and simplest means to reduce its incidence; therefore, investigating its use as an attempt to enhance benefits to the patient and hospital service is of great importance. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of mechanical prophylaxis for DVT at the Emergency Room Dr. Armando Lages in Maceió, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study at the emergency room was carried out for an 8-month period. The sample was composed of 282 patients admitted to the nursing wards of various specialties. Data were collected from medical records and by patient interview. Each patient"s medical record was searched for use of mechanical prophylaxis for DVT, in addition to several factors for risk stratification, according to the Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and chi-square test, considering p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 282 patients were analyzed, 181 (64 percent) men and 101 (36 percent) women, mean age of 54.1 years. Classification of risk was as follows: 210 (74.5 percent) were classified as high risk, 56 (19.8 percent) as moderate risk, and 16 (5.7 percent) as low risk. Of all patients, 234 (83 percent) did not received prophylaxis and 48 (17 percent) did. There was no statistical difference between the data obtained in the research and those found in the literature (p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONs: Despite having its efficacy confirmed, mechanical prophylaxis for DVT has not reached satisfactory levels of use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Risk Factors
16.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 68(4): 215-221, dic. 2008. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-522941

ABSTRACT

Valorar la incidencia de enfermedad tromboembólica durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio en gestantes con riesgo y la efectividad de las tromboprofilaxis. Seguimiento de 2 727 gestantes con parto durante un año. Se realiza análisis descriptivo de nuestra población, de los factores de riesgo y de la duración de la tromboprofilaxis, analizando su relación con la incidencia de eventos tromboembólicos. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, España. Nuestras gestantes tienen pocos factores de riesgo: cesárea, anemia posquirúrgica, tabaquismo, hipertensión inducida por el embarazo o previa, diabetes, cardiopatía y trombofilia, siendo la cesárea y la anemia los más frecuentes. La tromboprofilaxis postcesárea con nadroparina cálcica 0,4 diaria durante su hospitalización ha sido efectiva. No hubo ningún tromboembolismo. En nuestra población, con un adecuado control obstétrico y profilaxis con antiagregantes plaquetarios y/o heparinas de bajo peso molecular, se han evitado eventos tromboembólicos relacionados con el embarazo, parto puerperio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Fibrinolytic Agents , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight , Postpartum Period , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thrombosis/diagnosis , Obstetrics
17.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr ; 21(1): 45-48, jan.-mar. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482374

ABSTRACT

Trombo móvel em átrio esquerdo é uma rara complicação da estenose mitral com alto potencial embólico. O presente caso ilustrra esta condição, detectada ao ecocardiograma transtorácico e confirmada ao ecocardiograma transesofágico. A ocorrência de múltiplos episódios embólicos determinou o desfecho fatal. Os autores enfatizam a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce para previnir estas graves complicações embólicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Mitral Valve Stenosis/complications , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/diagnosis
18.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-89517

ABSTRACT

Stroke or cerebrovascular disease is one of the most important causes of high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Stroke in young individuals poses a major problem as these individuals are bread earners of the family. Ischaemic strokes are increasingly being attributed to causes other than atherothrombotic disease. Disorders of coagulation leading to thrombotic disorders are relatively uncommon conditions which are implicated in approximately 1% of all ischaemic strokes and 4-8% of young strokes. Bilateral superior cerebellar infarcts due to hypercoagulable state are extremely rare situations. Here we present two patients with unusual presentation of stroke in young due to hypercoagulable state.


Subject(s)
Adult , Age Factors , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Stroke/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/diagnosis
19.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-85450

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Venous Thromboembolism is an important healthcare problem the world over, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality and resource expenditure. The rationale for use of thromboprophylaxis is based on solid principles and scientific evidence. Indian perspective on this topic is lacking due to the non-availability of published Indian data. This document reviews the available International and Indian data and discusses the relevance of recommendations for prevention and management of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in the Indian context. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Meetings of various specialists from different Indian hospitals in the field of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General and Vascular Surgery, Hematology, Intensive Care, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncology and Orthopedics were held in the months of August 2005 to January 2006. The guidelines published by American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the International Union of Angiology (IUA), and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG), were discussed during these meetings. The relevance of these guidelines and the practical implications of following these in a developing country like India were also discussed. Any published data from India was collected from data base searches and the results, along with personal experiences of the participating specialists were discussed. The experiences and impressions of the experts during these meetings have been included in this document. Data from recent sources (International Union of Angiology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Practice guidelines in Oncology on Venous thromboembolic disease) was subsequently also included in this document. RESULTS: The suggestions formulated in this document are practical, and would intend to serve as a useful practical reference. CONCLUSIONS: A number of unanswered questions remain in the field of thromboprophylaxis, and carefully designed research protocols may help answer some of these. Implementation of the suggestions outlined in the document remains to be studied in the Indian context.


Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thrombophilia/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis
20.
São Paulo; s.n; 2007. [183] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-505552

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A doença tromboembólica é um distúrbio complexo multicausal com sinais e sintomas inespecíficos, confundindo-se com outras enfermidades. Devido à sua gravidade buscam-se estratégias objetivando obter um diagnóstico precoce. O teste de dosagem do dímero - D plasmático parece ser uma alternativa para exclusão do diagnóstico de tromboembolismo venoso agudo. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor do teste de dosagem de dímero - D plasmático, utilizando o método Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), na rotina diagnóstica de tromboembolismo venoso agudo. Métodos: Em 89 pacientes com sinais e sintomas sugestivos de tromboembolismo pulmonar e/ou trombose venosa profunda foram realizadas dosagens do dímero - D pela técnica ELFA no equipamento VIDAS® - BioMérieux. Foram calculados os valores da sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo e acurácia do teste, bem como a curva ROC da amostra estudada. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame por imagem para confirmação do evento tromboembólico agudo. Foi calculado o índice kappa para analisar o resultado do teste dímero - D versus resultados de exames por imagem. Resultados: Entre os 89 pacientes estudados (média de idade 54,3 anos; 51 mulheres), 36 (40,4%) apresentaram TEV e 53 não apresentaram trombose aguda (59,6%). Entre os pacientes sem trombose aguda 15 (28,3%) apresentaram resultado de dímero - D negativo. Todos pacientes com trombose apresentaram resultado de dímero - D positivo. O teste apresentou sensibilidade de 100%; especificidade de 28,3%; valor preditivo positivo de 48,6%; valor preditivo negativo de 100% e exatidão de 57,3%. A ASC para a amostra total estudada foi igual a 0,734, indicando que o teste é um bom preditor de trombose aguda. O valor do índice kappa para a amostra total foi igual a 0,24 (p<0,001), indicando uma concordância fraca entre dímero - D e diagnóstico confirmatório de trombose...


Introduction: The thromboembolic disease is a multicausal complex disturb with signals and symptoms that confusing itself with other diseases. Because its gravity strategies search objecting to get a faster diagnosis. The measure plasmatic D dimer test seems to be an alternative for exclusion of the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism. Objectives: To evaluate the value of the measure plasmatic D dimer test, using the method Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), in the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism. Methods: In 89 patients with signals and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary thromboembolism and/or deep vein thrombosis had been carried through measure D dimer by technique ELFA equipment VIDAS® - BioMérieux. The values of sensibility, accuracy specificity, predictive values positive and negative and of the test had been calculated, as well as curve ROC of the sample studied. All the patients had been submitted the image exams for the confirmation of the acute thromboembolism event. It was calculated kappa ratio to compare D dimer test results with image exams results. Results: Between 89 studied patients (mean of age 54.3 years; 51 women), 36 (40.4%) they had presented and 53 had not presented acute thrombosis (59.6%). It enters the patients without acute thromboembolism 15 (28.3%) had presented resulted negative of D dimer. All patients with thrombosis had presented resulted positive of D dimer. The test presented 100% sensibility; 28.3% of specificity; positive predictive value was 48.6%; 100% of negative predictive value and accuracy value was 57.3%. The area under the curve (AUC) to total sample studied was 0.734, it was showed that the test have a good prediction to acute thrombosis. The kappa ratio value was 0.24 (p<0.001) showing a bad concordat n to thrombosis diagnostic. Conclusion: The measure of D dimer by method ELFA was able to exclude the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism in this sample studied...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Blood Coagulation Tests , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis
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